(* 11th century, in 1259 promoted to the town status by Přemysl Otakar II.) - The town was built around the original castle (mentioned in the Cosmas Chronicles of 981), its history was later closely related to the monastery built in 12th century and the LitomyšlBishopric established in 14th century; during 16th century the castle was rebuilt into a Rennaisance chateau and the order of piarists established a new college and built a cathedral; Bedřich Smetana, the famous composer, was born in the chateau brewery in 1824.